Answer the following questions in essay format, supporting your answers with references to the course materials and the literature. Be sure to cite all sources you use in your answers, and include a reference list at the end.

Q1)How does the mortality experience of Indians differ from that of the general population in Canada?

Q2) Give two examples each of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention activities. Explain the differences between each level of prevention.

Q3) Discuss three situations in which the opportunity to be healthy depends in part on conditions that are beyond the individual’s power to provide for and control.

Q4) Briefly describe the seven essential steps in the development of a preventive program. Apply these steps to a brief description of a public health program that is not related to HIV infection.

Q5) Using the information provided below, answer the specific questions in italics.
You have been asked to investigate an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness among students at a university residence. On the evening of Day 1, 411 students were living in the residence.
All food is prepared in the residence kitchen. Due to the quantity of food required, some dishes are prepared in advance and refrigerated. Breakfast is served from 0700–0800, lunch from 1100–1200, dinner from 1700–1830.
Between 22:30 on Day 1 and 08:00 on Day 2, 47 students visited the infirmary complaining of gastrointestinal illness. Physicians were notified and came at once to examine the afflicted students. Specimens of stool and vomitus were collected from those presenting with symptoms of diarrhea and vomiting.
It soon became apparent that the outbreak involved considerably more students than the number who sought help. Questionnaires were quickly prepared and distributed to all of the students to determine the nature and extent of the outbreak. The 304 questionnaires which were returned revealed 110 cases of gastroenteritis.
a. Calculate the attack rate for the residence based on preliminary data collected in the infirmary.
b. Among the students returning the questionnaire, what proportion developed gastroenteritis?
c. Calculate the ratio of attack rates as determined by the questionnaire and the information from the nursing station.
d. What might explain the apparent difference?

Q6) Compare the incidence and prevalence of infectious and parasitic diseases, pneumonia, and infections of the central nervous system in Indians and the general population of Canada. Explain the differences.

Q7) Contrast the mortality of Indian populations from accidents and injuries with the pattern in Canada as a whole.

Q8) Construct a “Haddon’s Matrix” for burns in children.

Q9) Discuss the principles you would use to determine whether a screening program should be implemented for a specific health problem. In your answer, you should discuss the concepts of sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value, and should suggest criteria on which an implementation decision could be based.

Q10) Find and read the highest court level decision in the Canadian case of McArdle Estate v. Cox, and answer the following questions:
a)What court levels decided this case, in what jurisdiction, and when? Provide all legal citations.
b)In no more than 300 words, write a summary of the case. Describe the relevant facts, the legal issues, and the reasons for decision of the highest court level judgment.
c)In a claim against a health provider for professional negligence, does the law always protect a health provider who has followed an established standard of practice or are there exceptions? Explain and identify the sources of law to support your explanation.

Between 1936 and 1938, the Works Progress Administration sponsored a Federal Writers’ Project dedicated to chronicling the experience of slavery as remembered by former slaves. African-American men and women who were born into slavery were interviewed by WPA workers. Their stories were recorded, transcribed, and combined into one of the largest oral history collections in American history.

Assignment:

Step 1: Go to the following site: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writer’s Project 1936-1938-

Look through as much as you can. This includes all the articles/essays provided under Articles and Essaysas well as all of the sub-pages provided under the header of “An Introduction to the WPA Slave Narratives”  There is SO MUCH good information in here. You will get a lot out of the additional research! It is very important to get a full understanding of this entire project.
Step 2: Select a slave narrative to read at one of the following sites:

Step 3: Construct your essay (please write in paragraph form and use complete sentences) by answering the following questions about the narrative you selected:

Who did you select?
How old were they? Where were they from?
What did they talk about?
Was their account a more optimistic or pessimistic (positive or negative) account of their past?
What can you learn from this transcript about slavery? What can you learn from this transcript about the Great Depression? (Note: Saying anything along the lines of “the source didn’t mention the Great Depression” is NOT an acceptable answer to this question. If you can’t find an answer – dig deeper)
Do you think it is a legitimate source to study history from?
Can you think of any factors that may cause these not to be a legitimate source?
What is your overall opinion about using the slave narratives to study from?

Managing a Crisis

Crisis management and crisis communications are specialized business disciplines. In times of crisis, companies can act in a number of ways; from ignoring the situation and hoping it passes in the next news cycle to aggressively defending itself after the fact. Smart companies have plans that can be used in any crisis situation.

Using the company developed in the Unit 4 Individual Project, select a crisis that negatively affects the business from a legal or image standpoint. Develop a series of scenario statements that you write ahead of time that you will present to the management and legal departments so that they may be used swiftly in a time of crisis.

Question:

How did Machiavelli’s writings contribute to the theory of Realism? How does social contract theory as Hobbes describes in Leviathan relate to an anarchic international system? Give a brief overview and analysis of each of the aforementioned philosophers’ texts in your response.

In your personal opinion, to what degree should there be a different set of morals for the state as compared to individuals? When is it appropriate or not to disobey the rules of the social order (i.e. domestic or international laws) when they conflict with individual morals? Does this undermine the social contract?

Choose an international news story from the past 2-4 weeks and describe how the theories of Machiavelli and Hobbes could add perspective to our understanding of the underlying issues and assumptions presented in the news item.

This assignment requires you to explore a debate currently unfolding in any
aspect of our contemporary culture, such as fashion, music, movies, news, sports, technology, politics, social media, or advertising. However, you are not
taking a stance on the debate itself; you are illuminating why
it’s such a captivating or polarizing topic by tracing the various lines of argument and rhetorical strategies deployed in the surrounding conversation. For example, you might research why the anti-vaccine movement has gained
traction in recent years, or examine the recent passing of the abortion referendum in Ireland. You could even explore the polarizing nature of the Kardashian media empire. Whatever you choose, keep in mind that you are not making a simplistic argument, but rather shining a light on the workings of the debate: why it matters, how it functions, and what it can teach us about our wider culture and the ways in which we deploy arguments.

Questions You Might Consider:
1)What makes this debate so polarizing? Why are we paying attention to it now?
2) What historical, cultural, political, social, scientific or other kinds of context do we need to understand and frame the discussion?
3)Who is the audience? What have other people said about the subject of debate?
4) Whose voices get attention in the conversation around it, and why?
-Who are the stakeholders? What do they have to gain or lose?
– What rhetorical strategies and argumentative tactics are being deployed in the debate? What kinds of beliefs, values, and assumptions are taken for granted?

Grading Criteria (what I’m looking for):
1)Exigency/Relevance:
explaining why the debate is important, and why it’s especially important
right now ; considering its broader implications
2) Participating in a Scholarly Conversation:
acknowledging the experts and interested parties who have already spoken the your topic; incorporating their ideas into your writing smoothly and effectively; adding an interesting twist or contribution of your own
3) Critical Analysis: asking, how does this debate (and the arguments nested within it) work? What gives participants the authority to “speak”? What rhetorical strategies do they employ? How do readers/viewers/listeners respond to it?

Part 3: Concepts of Administrative Functions (Medical Records Management)
MAERB Competencies: VI.C.4, VI.C.5a, VI.C.5b, VI.C.6a, VI.C.6b, VI.C.6c, VI.C.7, VI.C.8, VI.C.9, VI.C.10, VI.C.11,

The medical record serves a variety of purposes and is essential to the proper functioning of the medical practice, especially in today’s complicated health care environment. The medical record is a key instrument used in planning, evaluating, and coordinating patient care in both the inpatient and the outpatient settings.

In class, you have practiced medical records management skills by organizing and analyzing sample medical records, both hard-copy and through EMR (CareTracker). Based on this practice and the information you learned from classroom discussions, assigned readings, and research; describe the following:
1. Differentiate between an electronic medical record (EMR) and a practice management system. (VI.C.8)
2. Explain the meaningful use as it applies to EMR within the healthcare setting (VI.C.12)
3. Define types of information contained in the patient’s medical record..(VI.C.4)
4. Identify equipment and supplies needed to create, maintain, and store medical records (VI.C.6a, VI.C.6b, VI.C.6c)
5. Compare and contrast the pros and cons of the two major systems for organizing medical records, source-oriented and problem-oriented records.(VI.C.5a, VI.C.5b)
6. Describe the standard protocols used for filing medical records. Include in your discussion, an explanation of each filing indexing rule, as discussed in class. This should include electronic, alphabetic, numeric and subject orientation. (VI.C.7)
7. How often should a medical office back up data and why is this important? (VI.C.11)
8. Identify the step needed to complete an inventory within the office setting. (VI.C. 10)
9. Explain the importance of the routine maintenance of administrative and clinical equipment within the medical office.(VI.C.9)

Bel’s Bakery (BB) is a family owned business. In 2010 it recorded a $3 million operating loss. Apparently, 50% of the losses stemmed from a failed acquisition. With short term interest rates at 5%, the manager (John) convinced the owners to expand its operations. It used $15 million of its retained earnings to acquire another privately owned bakery, Joe’s Bakery (JB). In the first year after the acquisition, revenues from Joe’s was $5 million, but thereafter sales were halted when one of the owners of JB filed suit challenging the rights of the management of JB to sell the company. BB lost the case and paid damages of $1.5 million. John, the manager of BB was fired. In explaining to his wife, John said he was the scapegoat because the attorneys who handled the acquisition failed in their due diligence. He said, “I promised sales of $5 million a year for 3 years and my sales forecast was right on the money.”

Why was John fired?
If sales were $6 million annually, would John still have been fired?

Critical Thinking – Patient Safety and Care Quality

Create a PowerPoint Presentation that reviews four articles written in the last five years on patient safety and the quality of patient care. Be sure to demonstrate how health information systems help healthcare organizations meet the patient safety and quality goals. Your presentation should meet the following structural requirements:

Be 8 slides in length, not including the cover or reference slides.
Be formatted according to the APA.
Provide support for your statements with in-text citations from a minimum of four articles.
Presentation notes are required for each slide and should be put in the notes section to support the slide content. These can be part of the presentation or delivered as a separate document. If you opt for the former, be aware that the presentation cannot be submitted in PDF format, which does not make notes visible to the instructor.
Utilize the following headings to organize the content in your work.
Introduction
Assessment
Recommendations
Conclusion

Discuss the purpose of the patient’s electronic health record, its content, and evaluate the barriers to claims processing that result from improper encounter documentation. Suggest ways or tools needed to document encounters to achieve better claims reimbursement. Provide substantive responses to two of your classmates. Cite a minimum of two articles to support your statements.

The human body responds to the increased demands of exercise in a number of ways. Studying this response can provide useful information about the function of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. For instance, physiological measurements allow us to understand exactly how the lungs and heart respond to increased physical activity.

A dataset for this piece of work can be accessed via Blackboard. The data shows the physiological response measured from an individual subject during a bout of incremental exercise. This data must be reported, described and explained as part of your essay. It should be written using a style and language suitable for students, researchers and academics to understand.

Format

It is essential that you follow the structure detailed below and use these subheadings.

Title Page
1. Cardiovascular system
2. Respiratory system
Reference List

The entire essay should be a maximum of 1500 words (±10%) (excluding Reference List and Figures).

You should use the following layout for this report:
• Arial or Times New Roman font, size 12
• 1.5 line spacing
• All margins at least 2cm
• Text alignment justified
• Page number at bottom right corner of the page

Presentation of Figures should resemble a scientific journal. Tips on how to make these clear and how to follow conventions can be found in the following section.

You should write in the third person. Avoid using words such as “I” or “we”.

Contents

Title page

Include your title, name, student number and word count (excluding Reference List and Figures).

TIP: Carefully choose an appropriate title which indicates broadly what the essay is about to all readers, including those who are not specialists in the subject area. Be clear and concise: avoid abbreviations, avoid unnecessary words and use no more than ~150 characters (including spaces).

1. Cardiovascular system

• Report the acute response of the heart to exercise using the set of data distributed via Blackboard
• You must include the following Figure in a similar format to that seen in a journal article:
o Figure 1: Plot the individual subject’s heart rate at each running speed
• Describe how this data compares to typical values
• Also describe typical values for stroke volume and cardiac output at rest and during maximal exercise
• Provide an explanation for why the cardiovascular system responds to exercise in this way. Consider the function of the cardiovascular system during exercise. You should explain the physiological mechanisms which bring about this response.

2. Respiratory system

• Report the acute response of the ventilatory system to exercise using the set of data distributed via Blackboard
• You must include the following Figure in a similar format to that seen in a journal article:
o Figure 2: Plot the individual subject’s minute ventilation at each running speed
• Describe how this data compares to typical values
• Also describe typical values for breathing frequency and tidal volume at rest and during maximal exercise
• Provide an explanation for why the respiratory system responds to exercise in this way. Consider the function of the respiratory system during exercise. You should explain the physiological mechanisms which bring about this response.