Due to financial hardship, the Nyke Shoe Company feels they only need to make one size of shoes, regardless of gender or height. They have collected data on gender, shoe size, and height and have asked you to tell them if they can change their business model to include only one size of shoes—regardless of height or gender of the wearer. In no more than 5–10 pages (including figures), explain your recommendations, using statistical evidence to support your findings. The data found are given in the following table.

Shoe Size
Height
Gender
(shoe size)5.00
(Height)63.00
(Gender)Female
7.50
70.00
Female
9.00
70.00
Female
7.00
64.00
Male
11.00
72.00
Male
12.00
72.00
Male
14.00
76.00
Male
7.00
66.00
Female
7.50
71.00
Female
8.00
68.00
Female
10.50
71.00
Male
11.00
71.00
Male
6.50
65.00
Female
7.00
67.00
Female
7.50
70.00
Female
10.00
69.00
Male
12.00
69.00
Male
6.50
65.00
Female
10.50
72.00
Male
12.00
73.00
Male
6.00
60.00
Female
6.50
64.00
Female
10.00
72.00
Female
9.50
69.00
Male
11.50
70.00
Male
14.00
75.00
Male
6.50
63.00
Female
13.50
77.00
Male
7.00
68.00
Female
9.50
68.00
Male
13.00
72.00
Male
11.00
73.00
Male
6.00
62.00
Female
7.00
66.00
Female
7.50
70.00
Female

Only use results in the paper. You may show your work in an appendix, if you would like.

1) Explain the moral theory of Divine Command Theory, and two objections.

2) Explain the moral theory of Cultural Ethical Relativism, and two objections.

3) Explain Act and Rule Utilitarianism, and the difference between the two. Explain one major objection to the Utilitarian approach to ethics.

4) Explain Kant’s account of the “right motive”, and one formulation of his “categorical imperative”. Explain one major objection to Kant’s approach to ethics.

5) Of the moral theories discussed in this module, which seems most reasonable or likely to be true to you? Explain why and support your answer with reasons.

Consider the following hypothetical scenario. Explain what an act utilitarian would say about this scenario, and what a Kantian would say about this scenario. Ultimately, what do you think is the right thing to do in this scenario, and why? Explain and support your answer with reasons.

Scenario: You are hiding in an attic with 30 other people from your town, trying to stay concealed from invading soldiers who are sweeping through your town.

In your arms is your young baby, who has a bad cold. Just as soldiers are about to enter the house where you are hiding, your baby begins to cry very loudly. You have absolutely no way to silence your baby except by covering her mouth, but you know that if you cover her mouth she will be unable to breathe (due to her bad cold) and that she will almost certainly suffocate and die. If you don’t cover her mouth, you know that the soldiers will almost certainly hear her crying and discover you and the other villagers hiding in the basement, and you know that they will execute every single one of you. You have no other options. What should you do?

Civil Disobedience

In an essay of at least six pages (1800 words) in length, answer the following question: What is the most effective means of protesting an unjust law? Your answer to this question should serve as your thesis for the paper and should be stated clearly in you introductory paragraph.
There ought to be two basic sections to your essay. The first part should provide a critical review of the three different position developed in Plato’s Crito, Dr. Martin Luther King’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” and Malcolm X’s “The Ballot or the Bullet.” Not only do you need to state what position each of these thinkers hold, but also why. Make sure to indicate or quote passages where necessary.
The second section of your paper should focus on defending the position you find to be the most effective. In this section, you should entertain and respond to possible objections to your position. The central purpose of this section is to show why you hold the position that you do.

Sample Outline
1. Introduction
a. Thesis statement [answer to the question: which is the most effective means of protesting an unjust law?]
b. Brief outline of the structure of the paper, e.g., In the first part of the paper, I review three different positions regarding civil disobedience. Then, in the second part of the paper, I show that persuasion (or non-violence, or any means necessary) to be the most effective means of protest. Persuasion is the most effective means of protest because it is the only means that introduces a true change of character.
2. Critical Review of Possible Positions
a. Socrates and persuasion
i. Why does Socrates believe persuasion to be the most effective means of protest?
1. Reason 1
2. Reason 2
3. Reason 3
ii. Why does he believe any form of direction action, i.e., breaking the law to be ineffective?
1. Reason 1
2. Reason 2
b. Dr. King and non-violence direct action
i. Why does Dr. King believe non-violent direct action to be the most effective means of protest?
1. Reason 1
2. Reason 2
3. Reason 3
ii. Why does King believe mere persuasion to be ineffective?
1. Reason 1
2. Reason 2
iii. Why does King believe violence to be an ineffective means?
1. Reason 1
2. Reason 2
c. Malcolm X
i. Why does Malcolm X believe that “any means necessary” is the most effective means of protest?
1. Reason 1
2. Reason 2
3. Reason 3
ii. Why does Malcolm X believe mere persuasion to be ineffective?
1. Reason 1
2. Reason 2
iii. Why does Malcolm X believe non-violent direct action to be ineffective?
1. Reason 1
2. Reason 2
3. Argument defending thesis
a. Why is the chosen position the most effective means of protest?
i. Reason 1
ii. Reason 2
iii. Reason 3
b. What are possible objections to chosen position?
i. Objection 1
ii. Objection 2
c. Response to objections
i. Response to objection 1
ii. Response to objection 2
4. Concluding Remarks

The most important aspect of the paper is your defense of the different positions and the defense of your own position. This means you should focus on why the different thinkers hold the positions that they do and why you hold the position that you do. Hence, stating what these thinkers wrote is inadequate.
Finally, make sure to cite all material properly. You may use other resources than the ones assigned in the readings, but this is not necessary. You may use any standard citation format, but make sure to be consistent.

Research accountability systems and transparent reporting.
Use your research to first analyze how the factors apply to Walmart’s sustainability index and then to create a transparent sustainability report for Top Shelf (will be provided). Write a report that includes the following:
Write a report that includes the following:
• How was Walmart’s sustainability index developed?
• What makes it particularly innovative?
• Which social, ecological, and economic sustainability considerations are covered? Which ones are left out?
• Can Walmart’s approach be used by Top Shelf to track their efforts? Justify your answer.
• Briefly describe two other approaches (different from that of Walmart) that could be used by Top Shelf to track their efforts.
• Recommend one approach for Top Shelf and explain in detail how the company can measure, track, and report progress on their sustainability goals. Justify your choice.
• Explain why your recommendation would be superior to the status quo.
Write a 8-page report in Word format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.

1. List and discuss the major benefits and drawbacks of federalism.

2. Explain how money and Supreme Court rulings shifted power to the federal government.

3. Describe horizontal federalism, identify its relevant provisions in the U.S. Constitution, and explain the effects of these provisions on inter-state relations.

Give an example of a negative right and a positive right, consistent with the terminology used in our text.

Justice

Plato thought much about the concept of justice as it relates to society. In his most famous and lengthy dialogue, The Republic, he reviews several accounts of justice and finds them less than satisfying. One person, Cephalus, suggests that justice is telling the truth and paying your debts. Another speaker, Polemarchus, argues that justice means helping your friends and harming your enemies. Yet another, a young man called Thrasymachus, who was a rising star among paid teachers – or sophists – of the day, argued that ‘might makes right’. The first two views are not very strong, so we will leave them to the side. However, let’s take up the argument of Thrasymachus, since this view is quite popular in these times.

Argue for or against the position of Thrasymachus.

Inter-relation between inner and external harmony

Consider Plato’s notion of justice, as summarized on page 221, where justice is the result of inner (personal) and outward (social) harmony. Consider Hinman’s statement in the same segment: Without just individuals, a just society is impossible; without a just society, the life of the just individual may not be a happy one.” (page 221). Plato contends that the just individual will have a very difficult time in an unjust society.

Does Plato have a point? Can you be a fully functioning just person, when the society around you is out of synch, out or harmony, that is, chaotic and violent? Inversely, can the society overall achieve harmony if its individual members are unhappy, undeveloped, less than fully functional individuals?

More recently, American Philosopher John Rawls, whose views are described on pages 218 to 225. Consider his idea about how we are the recipients of a “natural lottery” in which we benefit or suffer from chance situations, such as being born in a certain time and place, a certain gender with a set of genetic dispositions that will, depending on the environment, benefit us or cause us much limitation, pain, and suffering, at least absence of abilities others take for granted.

This idea can be expanded and applied to nation states and regions. Some nation states are quite well off, such as Sweden and Norway; others are quite the opposite, such as Burma and Sudan. As well, forces that go far beyond nation states, such as environmental deterioration, loss of bio-diversity, loss of species at a rate much faster than in previous periods, except for cataclysmic events – large asteroid colliding with the planet.

Assignment #2: Report to a JHSC

This assignment is a report and a presentation to a company’s Joint Health & Safety Committee (JHSC) on a topic identified by the JHSC.

This assignment is worth 30% of your grade. You will have to utilize a diverse range of library and Internet sources while preparing an in-depth analysis of an OHS topic that has been identified as problematic or interesting for a report to a JHSC. The topic must be different from assignment #1. You will submit the report and a presentation on the topic for grading. It should be about 8-10 pages long (excluding title page, table of contents, references, and appendices), double spaced, using Times New Roman, 12 pt. font, 1 inch margins. Please do not exceed 10 pages.

The labour movement in Canada has developed a significant network of organizations, worker clinics, and educational facilities. It is important that you become familiar with these. JHSCs are legally-designated entities for all companies with more than 20 employees, and it is important that you become familiar with the workings of and the issues that face JHSCs.

Tasks:
• Contact at least one of the representatives on a Joint Health & Safety Committee (if contacting more than one – at least one of these must be a worker representative). If you do not have a JHSC at your workplace, or you are a full- time student, contact the worker representative on the university JHSC, or a worker representative at a local worksite, or ask your classmates if you can use their JHSC.
• Identify three major issues that the JHSC has been grappling with (an issue that has not been resolved). The topic can involve both physical as well as workplace organizational factors (e.g. communication issues, workload, psychosocial issues, stress, deadlines, breaks, scheduling issues, job rotation, ergonomic hazards, administrative issues, etc.)
• Choose one issue that you find most interesting, or that is most pressing, and investigate the issue through a number of library and Internet sources of information, including a literature database search
• Interview an expert in the field
• Search for two peer-review journal scientific articles that are pertinent to your topic
• Write a report with recommendations to the JHSC on the identified issue
• Prepare presentation slides to the JHSC (presenting this to the JHSC is optional)

The sources of information that you need to investigate to complete this assignment are
the following:

• At least one interview with a member of the JHSC
• At least one expert interview (preferably done by telephone, and not by email only)
• Research done on the Internet
• An inquiry made to a safety organization (for example via email) such as the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, the Occupational Health Clinics for Ontario Workers, the Workers Health and Safety Centre or any of the sector-specific health and safety associations (e.g. Industrial Accident Prevention Association, Ontario Service Safety Alliance, etc.)
• Results from a library or online Database search and grey literature search
• At least two articles found within scientific peer-reviewed journals
• Assignment will include a summary of your research in a Report for the JHSC on your findings and recommendations
• Copy of the presentation you would potentially give to the JHSC

Consult the “General Assignment Expectations” document for the general outline and format of the paper. This assignment will include the following elements:

• Title page
• Table of contents
• The Research Process
• Sources of Information
• Interviews – both JHSC rep and expert
• Report of Findings – This is the report section that you would give to the JHSC (this part should be about 6-8 pgs). It will introduce the issue, describe why its problematic, summarize your findings, and offer recommendations on how to address the issue. You will write the report in a formal tone, and will cite references and different sources as you go along (including your interviews). The recommendations in particular, should be a synthesis of what you have found, and not based solely on your opinions, however, it should be as specific to your workplace as possible.
• Presentation Slides – Include your PowerPoint (or similar software) slides, either as a separate attachment or within the assignment word document (no more than 10 slides including the first title slide).
• References.
• Appendices (optional)

Guidelines for Presentations:
*Note – delivering the presentation to the JHSC is optional. As part of the assignment you will submit the slides that you would potentially present to the JHSC.

The presentation is a showcase of your research results and your ability to synthesize, analyze, and summarize. A 10-minute presentation should not have more than 10 slides summarizing your research and findings.

OHS professionals are routinely called upon to give presentations in their workplaces. The style, tone, techniques and content will obviously vary. An intense 15-minute presentation to the Board of Directors will be quite different from a safety talk to a small group of new employees, or a 10-minute presentation to the JHSC.

Nevertheless, there are some good practices and bad practices when it comes to giving presentations. Many of us “wing it” without any serious concern about what is effective and what isn’t. If we are dedicated as professionals to the notion of “continuous improvement”, then it will help to maintain an ever-evolving list of “pointers”, or “do’s and don’ts.”, about presentations.
While there is considerable overlap between any two persons’ lists, there will always be differences, as an effective presentation style depends in part on the intrinsic characteristics of the presenter.

Notes on PowerPoint Slides

Slides should NOT be a word for word summary of your talk; they should just include the key words and key ideas. For a 10-minute talk, no more than 10 overheads should be used. Your slides should appear clear and easy to read. Make sure they are not cluttered, don’t put everything your want to say on any one slide. You can put the main points on the slides, and just explain the rest in your own words. However, the slides should have enough detail to convey your general ideas.

If you decide to actually present your report to your JHSC, you can use slides as a way to remind yourself of what you want to say, and as a visual aid to the audience. An overhead should have no more than six-eight words per line, and be no longer than six-eight lines/bullet-points long. Print BIG! The letters on the paper copy that you give to your listeners MUST be large enough to read.

If you are using a computer with a data projector to deliver a PowerPoint presentation, ensure that your equipment is compatible with whatever presentation equipment is available. If possible, try it out a few days before your presentation. If it does not work consider using printed handouts instead of the data projector. Some presenters find cue cards helpful. If you think you will need notes, you may want to write a brief outline of your talk on 3 x 5 cards that you can put in front of you.

Notes on Unpublished “Grey” Literature:

There are many reports which are prepared and distributed, but which are never officially published by a commercial or academic publisher. Many of these reports contain important information or insights. Some become quite influential. A lot of the material that we read is “unpublished”. This material is also called “grey literature”. This is material that is in the public domain, but does not have a copyright on it (like magazines and books), and also does not have an ISBN number (like books). Many are background government or company reports. Some are position papers or recommendations by groups interested in OHS issues (trade associations, professional groups, unions, etc.). Others are draft documents that are very significant, but which never evolved into a final, official version.

The advantage of grey literature is that it often provides useful, practical, up-to-date information. This is NOT information that was originally designed for the company’s web site, although it often is duplicated on web sites. The grey literature that is important for this assignment includes the company’s newsletters, annual reports, brochures and pamphlets that the company may have produced, and policies, procedures, and programs on health and safety.

*Discuss how EBP has been implemented into your clinical setting.
*What were the pros and cons of how it was implemented?
*If you were to implement the same project what would you have done differently and why?
* What organizational model was used by the organization? Support your comments with evidence.

Not inflating the foley catheter balloon before insertion is the EBP that has been implemented into your clinical setting. Use this please example.

Read the 2014 Report by the US Health Research & Educational Trust, titled; Environmental sustainability in hospitals: The value of efficiency provide evidence based guidelines for enhancing environmental sustainability by addressing the following;

(1) electricity wastage reduction [8 marks];

(2) water wastage reduction [8 marks] ;

(3) lean and green supply chain management [8 marks]

(4) Solid and hazardous waste management [8 marks]

Introduction: Brief summary of the essential aspects of this document

· Evidence-based guidelines for enhancing environmental sustainability by addressing the following issues in a specified UAE hospital or group of hospitals:
(1) electricity wastage reduction: [7.5 marks];
(2) water wastage reduction [7.5 marks];
(3) lean and green supply chain management [7.5 marks];
Solid and hazardous waste management [7.5 marks] – 28 marks

· APA referencing system – accuracy, relevance and comprehensiveness of cited references – 2 marks.