Persuasive Speech: Feminism

        I.            Introduction

1. Attention getter: Commercial
2. Thesis Statement: As a society, sexism is an accepted part of our everyday lives. This is a huge problem that is being completely overlooked.
3. Preview Statement: Today I want to talk about how sexism still exists in society, how it hurts everyone-male and female, and ultimately-why everyone should be a feminist.

Transition statement: Definition of feminism from Susan Faludi’s book Backlash…The main reason you should be a feminist is because lack of gender equality harms women AND men as well as society as whole (Faludi, 1991).

     II.            Problem:

Sexism is a present issue in our society and negatively affects men, women, and society as a whole.

1. Main Point 1: According to a study published in the Journal of Social issues in 2002 entitled “Everyday Sexism” college women on average experience one to two impactful sexist incidents per week (Swim et al, 2002). These incidents can range from hearing passing jokes made about women to being victims of intentional sexual objectification. These incidents affected women’s psychological well-being by decreasing their comfort, increasing their feelings of anger and depression, and decreasing their self-esteem.
2. Point 2: The weakness associated with “playing like a girl” or “acting like a girl” forces men to fit a constricting gender stereotype and, according to James M. O’Neil’s article “College Men’s Fear of Femininity”, it can lead to a wide array of emotional, social, and health problems including power issues and homophobia (O’Neil, 1986).
3. Point 3: But sexism doesn’t just negatively impact individuals; it impacts the success of our society as a whole. According to the US Department of Labor website, in 2010, women made 80% of the salary of their EQUALLY EDUCATED and employed male counterparts (DL, 2010).
4. Point 4: Sexism isn’t taken seriously in American culture.

  III.            Solution: Become a feminist

1. Understand feminism: First and most importantly, being a feminist isn’t a bad thing, and that the definitions you hear most often are the wrong ones. Explain to people that it means that you see everyone as equal, not EITHER sex better than the other. Hold yourself and others accountable for the things they say and generalizations they make about EITHER sex. Understand that the ideas that beget sexism are deeply ingrained and will be hard to change.
2. Political solution: You can talk to your political representatives about making the workplace more equal for everyone, as legislation has already been an effective means of creating more gender equality. For example, according to com, in 2009, President Obama signed into law the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, which help to ensure equal pay for women (Ledbetter, 2009).
3. Educational Solution: According to Clemson’s College of Science and Engineering webpage, we have a club called WISE, dedicated to advancing women in science and engineering (CCoSE, 2012). This intentional emphasis on creating more equality in education is important in raising the next generation, if we stop pigeon-holing young students to be good at certain things they will begin to stop seeing differences in terms of gender and start seeing any differences in terms of the individual.

   IV.            Conclusion:

1. Quick Summary (restate thesis): Right now, sexism is something we gloss over in our everyday lives. Sexism is a problem for men, women, and our entire society. This is the status quo, but we can do better.
2. Ending note: And lastly, we can think about our mothers, our grandmothers, our girlfriends, and our daughters. Our generation can create a more equal world for all of them, and a more equal earth benefits all her inhabitants.
   

   Works Cited

   Faludi,Susan, (1991). Definitions of Feminism. In Backlash. Retrieved from    http://www.vanderbilt.edu/AnS/english/piepmeier/feminism.htm

   O’Neil, James M, & Helms, Barbara (1986). Gender-role conflict scale: College men’s fear of femininity. Sex            Roles, 14. Retrieved from http://www.springerlink.com/content/b743343w41n627n8/?MUD=MP

   Swim, J. K., Hyers, L. L., Cohen, L. L. and Ferguson, M. J. (2001), Everyday Sexism: Evidence for Its    Incidence, Nature, and Psychological Impact From Three Daily Diary Studies. Journal of Social Issues, 57: 31–53. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/

   The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.lillyledbetter.com/

   United States Bureau of Labor. (2008). Statistics on Women Workers [Data file]. Retrieved from     http://www.bls.gov/bls/cpswomendata.htm

   Women in Science and Engineering. (2007). Retrieved from http://www.clemson.edu/ces/wise/

A thesis statement is a group of words that normally appear at the end of the introductory paragraph. The statement is meant to give a concise summary of the subject in the paper. The research papers, essays, and papers have clearly embraced the aspect of how to write a thesis statement. A single sentence is used to represent the thesis statement.

Writing a thesis statement incorporates evidence and examples in the context. The writer is able to develop and organize his writing skills through the statement. Components that are considered essential in the writing of the research papers are used. These components support the statement in the context.

Writing a thesis statement is meant to provide an argument that is specific to the reader. This aspect guides the reader since she is able to relate to what is going on in the statement.The thesis statement should act as a backbone to the story. The writer is recommended to support his claims in the statement.

Writing a thesis statement that is good enables the writer to structure his sentences easily. He is also able to leave out unnecessary information which is irrelevant to the reader.The statement has to clearly serve the purpose it was meant. The writer is recommended to write a story that is pleasing to the readers.

Characteristics of a good thesis statement

• It should be a sentence that is complete: Questions and fragment sentences are not recommended for the thesis. The writer should come up with points that will support how to write a good thesis statement.
• It should provide a vital point about the topic in context. The writer should argue or express well his point in the statement. A unique view has to be considered when writing the thesis statement while the writer avoids the first person context.
• When writing the thesis statement, you should be specific and worded. This enables the reader to get a clear picture of what is happening in the story.
• Papers that are short usually incorporate the thesis statement at the end of the introduction. It is then reemphasized over the essay in various sentences. The statement should be avoided as being used as the first sentence in an essay.
• A good thesis statement should be able to answer various questions that might arise from the reader. The questions include how, so what and why.

There are some things that should be taken into consideration when writing the thesis statement.

What the writers need to put into consideration

• An announcement. It should just be a statement rather than an announcement that is able to guide the reader on how to write a good thesis statement.
• A fact. This is because it is hard to argue facts hence should be avoided.
• Hard words that are unfocused and hard to define should be avoided. The readers will find it hard to familiarize with the statement.
• Questions should be avoided as they do not demonstrate any opinion.
• The statement should not be broad and too vague.

How to write a good thesis statement

There are very many avenues where a thesis statement is located.Hence, the writers are recommended to produce high- quality articles that are pleasing to the readers.Advertisements, debates and closing arguments for the lawyers have incorporated the idea of how to write a good thesis statement. The most common is the essay.

The informative essay, argumentative, comparing and contrasting essays have incorporated the thesis statements.The thesis is required in these essays to bring out the real meaning of the essay. A strong essay is recommended for the readers since it has a deeper meaning.

Categories of a thesis statement

Informative and persuasive categories

The writer is recommended to match the thesis when writing the thesis statement. The informative essay is required to have an informative thesis. The writer should declare the intentions in which he has for the reader. A good conclusion has to be reached to enable the reader to understand the thesis well.

The persuasive statement contains an opinion which the reader has to get accustomed. Further, the reader is informed on why the opinion provided is true. The writer has to choose a stance and explain it to the readers why it is true. The persuasive essay can be used in any writing essay.

There are two styles that are used to write the thesis statement. Two or more points are used to elaborate the first style. The style is perfect for a brief essay. The essay should contain two or more body parts. It is only applicable to the assignments that are done in high school.

A good essay should also state the overreaching point. This enables the paragraphs to be listed on them.The writer is not limited to the number of paragraphs which he has to write. This style contains a broader scope which the writer has to write about.

A strong argumentative essay should have a clear template. A good template enables the writer to come up with a strong starting point. There are theses which have used one point which can use also this formula. The writers are recommended to form templates as this enables them to come up with ways of how to write a good thesis statement.

Qualities of a good thesis statement

Writing a thesis statement involves individuals considering several qualities. They include the position of the essay, the length and the strength of the essay.

• This guides the readers how to write a good thesis statement. It can be short or long depending on the points which the writer contains. One sentence that is concise is employed by the writers. This sentence should, however, contain two clauses.

They include an independent and dependent clause. The writers are advised to write sentences that are between thirty to forty words.

• Writing a thesis statement should be done at the beginning of any sentence.This enables the reader to get an overview of what is going on in the essay.Each writer contains different locations for the thesis.It is recommended that the introductory paragraph be within the first three paragraphs.
• A good persuasive essay needs to be arguable. The statement should not be too obvious.

It is recommended that individuals take an extra time to find out ways on how to write a good thesis statement. This is because it directs the research that an individual has composed enabling one to easily understand the essay.

Now that you have a thesis and an outline, you can write a draft. There are 3 parts to this draft:

• The Introduction Paragraph
• The Body Paragraphs with Topic and Evidence Sentences
• The Conclusion Paragraph

Writing the Introduction Paragraph

The job of the introduction paragraph is to open the topic, shape the query, and finish with the thesis. In a short paper the introduction paragraph should be about a half page or less of double-spaced type. The introduction paragraph has 3 parts:

• The Opener Sentence
• The Funnel Sentences
• The Thesis

The Opener Sentence.

By the end of the first sentence, the reader should have a very good idea of the topic limits of your paper. A few ideas for creating the opener sentence as you write a draft are:

• Begin with the historical question you are going to answer.
• In a sentence or 2, present an anecdote, a story, or a case that illustrates the issue.
• Use a pertinent quotation when you write a draft.
• The easy introduction sentence is one that includes the place, time, people, and issue of your paper. A good way to clarify the issue of your paper is to take some words out of the thesis and bring them into the opener.

The Funnel Sentences.

In American essay style, the introduction paragraph is often described as a funnel. The opener sentence is the wide top of the funnel, and the thesis is the narrow bottom. The funnel sentences have the following qualities:

• They are about 3-4 sentences. You do not want a long introductory paragraph, especially for a short paper.
• In the funnel sentences, you want to include important information like your primary source and its author.
• You can briefly summarize the debate about your topic, giving both sides.
• If you have not explained time, place, and issue in your opener sentence, you will want to do it here

The Thesis.

You already have your thesis, so you will put it here as you write a draft for your essay. However, you want to make sure that the funnel sentences are leading you to the thesis. The funnel sentence before the thesis must be relevant to the thesis.

4 Examples of Introduction Paragraphs

Writing the Body Paragraphs

Now, you must turn your outline into body paragraphs as an important step as you write a draft. The first thing you have to do is turn the concepts of your outline into topic sentences and write out your pieces of outlined supporting evidence into evidence sentences.

Example of An Outline Turned into a Body Paragraph

Topic and Evidence Sentences. The topic sentence does 2 things. It states your argument using the concept and it gives the reader a signpost for where the paper is going from paragraph to paragraph.

Read more on how to How to Write a Topic Sentence

Practice: Evaluate Topic Sentences

Transition Words. The burden of the signpost, or telling the reader where the paper is going, belongs to “transition words.” The following is a chart of transition words categorized according to the signpost you want to give in your paper.

Lists of Transition Words

Writing the Conclusion Paragraph

The conclusion paragraph does the opposite of the introduction paragraph when you want to write a draft. You begin by restating the thesis. Then you write a series of sentences that link your conclusion to larger ideas. The ideas could be:

• Link to larger issues of which this one is a small part.
• Take a side in a debate.
• Reference what happens in the future.
• Clarify the import of your topic.

Here are examples of conclusion paragraphs that correspond with the introduction paragraphs earlier.

Three Types

There are essentially three types of ballistics; internal, external, and terminal (Heard, 2008). Each has its own important role for us to understand and tie back to our investigations throughout a forensically sound practice.

Internal Ballistics

Internal ballistics is as it sounds, it is the ballistic changes from the moment that primer strikes and the round leaves the barrel (Heard, 2008), which surprisingly for as short as that is, is actually a huge portion of what we are concerned with as investigators as there is where the round get tied to the firearm and we are able to say round A came from gun A. Mostly during this phase we are studying, propellant pressures, acceleration of the projectile, muzzle velocity, and recoil (Heard, 2008). If you truly want to get into the weeds you could look at primer ignition time, primer pressure/time curves and temperature but those are not covered in our text book and are a bit more advanced that our current objective (Heard, 2008).

External Ballistics

External ballistics covers the flight of the projectile, all the way from the muzzle of the firearm to the target (Heard, 2008). Overall this is a terribly complicated subject, rounds do not just come out and fly straight, as they leave the barrel they are actually on an upward trajectory then peak out and start to fall towards the ground. This is why if you zero your rifle, let’s say a standard AR-15 using 55 grain round with a 1/9 left hand twist, at 50 yards then move up to about 10 yards, you will notice you need to aim 2 inches high from where you want your impact to be, part of this is bore over axis, part of this is the trajectory of the round.

Terminal Ballistics

Terminal ballistics, as it sounds involves the termination of the ballistics, what it does upon impact with its target (Heard, 2008). Does the round mushroom upon impact and have minimal penetration such as a standard hollow point round? Or does the round maintain its shape and penetrate harder armor and goes through and through its target such as AP rounds. You will not get this from your paper targets, go on YouTube with the name of your favorite round and type in gel test; you will see what I am talking about.

Stellate Tearing

Stellate tearing is a way to determine the distance from the weapon to the skin. When trying to determine length of distance from a subject to a victim it is important to understand what you wound pattern should look like. There is both the entrance wound which you will have in all shootings, and then the exit wound depending on the type of weapon/ammo used if trying to determine range there will more than likely be an exit wound especially for hard contact and loose contact shots.

Managing the pressure

For a hard contact shot at the entrance wound you can expect to see clothing singed, muzzle impression, as a hard contact shot means the muzzle is pressed against the intended target (Heard, Range of Firing Estimations and Bullet Hole Examinations, 2008). Further the impact site you can expect to see is what you more often expect with an exit wound, the entrance cavity has nowhere for the pressure and explosion of the firearm to go and rips at the skin creating a much larger hole than the round (Heard, Range of Firing Estimations and Bullet Hole Examinations, 2008).

Often times, the discharge residue follows the round into the wound channel (Heard, Range of Firing Estimations and Bullet Hole Examinations, 2008). Due to this closed entrance, the pressure and gasses from say a sternum shot try to exit the body and often times leave through the entrance wound creating the stellate tear with blood and bone often exiting out the entrance wound (Heard, Range of Firing Estimations and Bullet Hole Examinations, 2008).

Expectatations

For close or loose contact wounds you can expect a burning, soot and powder, abrasion ring, usually obscured, angle of entry (Heard, Range of Firing Estimations and Bullet Hole Examinations, 2008). You can expect to see the same as above except for the part of the muzzle that is not in contact with the skin, pressure will release from there creating the rip in the tissue and the exit hole for some pressures. Because of this you get a much higher chance of seeing powder residue and such (Heard, Range of Firing Estimations and Bullet Hole Examinations, 2008). Loose contact is when the muzzle is pressed to the body but not fully sealed say nudging them with the weapon and shooting them rather than pressing the weapon into them with direct attempt.

 Not so much stellate tearing but the other ranges are:

Intermediate range, you can expect to see abrasion ring which might be obscured, GSR on the victims clothing, angle of entry (Heard, Range of Firing Estimations and Bullet Hole Examinations, 2008). Further you can expect to see some stippling/tattooing, with flake powder burns, typically 18-22 inches away, large irregular, red/brown spots (Heard, Range of Firing Estimations and Bullet Hole Examinations, 2008). For flattened ball powder 36-40 inches away, less dense red spots, and for ball powder up to 48 inches dense red pinpoint pattern, this is the powder burns specifically on the target (Heard, Range of Firing Estimations and Bullet Hole Examinations, 2008).

Summary

With distant wounds you should see a visible abrasion ring, bullet wipe as it passed through clothing or skin this is usually a sign of homicide as a suicide cannot be accomplished from this distance without assistance (Heard, Range of Firing Estimations and Bullet Hole Examinations, 2008).

References:

Heard, B. J. (2008). Handbook of Firearms and Ballistics : Examining and Interpreting Forensic Evidence. Austin: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Heard, B. J. (2008). Range of Firing Estimations and Bullet Hole Examinations. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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