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Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis

  • ABSTRACT/INTRODUCTION

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory arthritis that influences almost 1% of the world’s adult population. It is described by symmetric polyarticular inflammation of the synovium, normally of the small joints of the hands (MCP and PIP), wrists and feet (1). This aggravation brings about agony and stiffness, and can prompt dynamic joint harm bringing about deformations and loss of capacity. Related organ harm likewise adds to serious handicap. Despite the fact that it is not completely confirmed ecological and genetic components are thought to be connected to rheumatoid arthritis inflammation.

  • BACKGROUND INFORMATION
  • Probable Cause
    • Environmental
  • Recent investigations have expanded our comprehension of ecological exposures that may contribute to RA, for example, smoking and alcohol consumption. Different factors, for example, birth weight, breastfeeding, financial status and area of birth have additionally been exhibited to add to chance (2).
    • Genetic
  • Current investigations concluded an indeterminate decision revealing significantly diverse gene arrangement in different subjects. Also, albeit various genes have been selected that may be helpful for future therapeutic reactions, the job of many genes in the pathogenesis of RA is obscure (3).
    • Epigenetic
  • There is no doubt that epigenetic modifications affect RA. Several studies demonstrated that epigenetics contribute to the aggressive, intrinsic activated phenotype of RASF and also the first in vivodata point to the beneficial effects of drugs modifying epigenetic patterns in animal models. However, more data are needed to clarify which modifications are causative for the disease onset and which epigenetic changes occur during chronic disease states (4).
  • Symptoms and Signs

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory rheumatic disease with progressive course affecting articular and extra-articular structures resulting in pain, disability and mortality. Persistent inflammation leads to erosive joint damage and functional impairment in the vast majority of patients (7).

  • Statistics
    • RA influences a small measure of the populace, however it seen to happen three fold the amount in ladies than their male partners. Albeit rheumatoid arthritis disease is not inherited, a relative with RA expands the odds of having the disease by a huge sum (5)
  • Current therapies and treatments
    • As of lately, treatment choices in view of better comprehension of infection pathology have prompted gigantic changes in the administration of this disease. The rapacious utilization of DMARD and biologic DMARD treatment has enabled patients to accomplish enhanced capacity and diminished joint destruction (1).
  • Case Studies
    • A thirty-year-old female presents swollen joints that are stiff and painful in the morning symptoms continue to advance with no family history of RA (5).
    • A thirty-eight-year-old female gradually developed painful wrist over 3 months (6).

 

 

 

 

Bibliography

 

  • Kahlenberg JM, Fox DA. Advances in the Medical Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Hand clinics. 2011;27(1):11-20. doi:10.1016/j.hcl.2010.09.002.

 

  • Liao KP, Alfredsson L, Karlson EW. Environmental influences on risk for rheumatoid arthritis. Current opinion in rheumatology. 2009;21(3):279-283. doi:10.1097/BOR.0b013e32832a2e16.

 

 

  • Kurkó, J., Besenyei, T., Laki, J., Glant, T. T., Mikecz, K., & Szekanecz, Z. (2013). Genetics of Rheumatoid Arthritis — A Comprehensive Review. Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, 45(2), 170–179. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-012-8346-7

 

  • Klein K, Ospelt C, Gay S. Epigenetic contributions in the development of rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2012;14(6):227. doi:10.1186/ar4074.

 

  • Geha RS, Notarangelo L.Case studies in immunology a clinical companion. New York, NY: Garland Science, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC; 2016.

 

  • Chapel, H., Haeney, M., Misbah, S. A., & Snowden, N. (2014).Essentials of clinical immunology. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley Blackwell.

 

  • Heidari, B. (2011). Rheumatoid Arthritis: Early diagnosis and treatment outcomes .Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine, 2(1), 161–170.

 

 

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