On February 17, 2009, President Barack Obama signs into law the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA). The law promotes electronic medical records (EMR) and infrastructure development, such as reimbursement-based pay, to cut health care costs (Frequently Asked Questions, 2009). Likewise, the ARRA is restructuring Medicare disbursements to reimburse for quality not quantity. While the law does not mandate EMR use, the federal government has set aside twenty billion dollars to help in the development of a strong health information technology infrastructure. Title IV states, “NO INCENTIVE PAYMENT IF FIRST ADOPTING AFTER 2014” (American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, 2009). In times of economic turmoil, hospitals and physicians, who are not hospital-based, can receive incentive payments (Frequently Asked Questions, 2009). So, most institutions will comply with the restructuring and use EMR’s, even though there are pros and cons.
EMRs provide a common access point where clinicians and health care providers can review and document information about clients and the…

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This is a paper designed to show that you know how to consider both sides of an issue equally and know how to articulate scholarly, thoughtful, and balanced arguments for each side. The goal of the Personal Debate is to understand each side of an issue while prayerfully and intelligently forming a conclusive conviction about that issue.

Your Personal Debate will consist of a title page, 2 pages that present a balanced and objective articulation of both sides of the issue, 1 page with your conclusion that presents your personal thoughts and persuasive views about the issue, and a bibliography with a minimum of 3 scholarly references. The assignment must be a minimum of 5 pages, including the title page and bibliography, and must follow current APA format.

You will discuss the following issue: What are the major differences between digital immigrants and digital natives? Do the differences, if any, affect the ability to educate? If so, how?

Rubric

Nursing has evolved through time and the care nurses provide must tailor itself to these changes. Today we live in a world where new technologies are used everywhere. Nurses must stay rooted in human caring while adapting to these advancements. Nursing must not move to be merely a technical practice. Locsin’s theory of Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing works to frame the relationship between nursing care and the use of technology.
Summary
Known as a contemporary theorist, Locsin’s perspective of caring and understanding human beings relates to the simultaneity paradigm. According to this paradigm people are believed to be more than just the sum of their parts. People are considered whole at all times, regardless of being sick, or if technologies are utilized on them. The role of nursing is not to fix the broken patient or make them whole but to care and know the patient fully. He sees technology as an extension of caring that enables a greater sense of knowing. The idea of knowing is a central idea throughout Locsin’s work. Knowing is a mutual process between…

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Poster Presentation

The purpose of this assignment is to explore a healthcare issue from a legislative perspective. You will use a program called Glogster to make an interactive electronic poster. Glogster allows you to create posters that have embedded audio, video, or text.

Imagine you are running for U.S. Senate and you want to make a poster for some type of healthcare issue.  Create a poster presentation using www.glogster.com. Address the following areas in your poster.  Use text, graphics, video and/or audio to present information.

1. What is the cornerstone of your platform? (15%).
2. What legislation do you propose to present to the Senate, if elected (15%).
3. How do you propose to pay for this legislation? (15%)
4. What do you propose to do about the current Medicare/Medicaid systems? (20%)
5. Explain your views regarding a national health care system. (20%)
6. Describe the lobbyists or PAC’s that you will contact and explain your platform for their support. (15%).

This assignment is worth 100 points and is due in Week 3, on Thursday, by 2359 EST/EDT. You will copy and paste the link to your glogster into a word document (the first page should be your title page and the second page should be your link) – submit this to the assignment drop box.

Directions to enrolled in Glogster:

1. Go to http://edu.glogster.com/
2. In the top right corner of the page, click on the green “Get Started” box
3. For user type, choose “Student”
4. Enter the school code: 8FHDG2
5. For Username enter your Delhi email
6. Click “Create My Account”

This assignment is worth 100%.

Solution:

Follow the link to access the solution http://edu.glogster.com/glog/high-quality-and-affordable-care/2k5ur5fqjiv

Reflective Briefs (10 points each, 50 points total)
The purpose of this assignment is to provide students with an opportunity to learn about and reflect on their knowledge of research-based, recommended practices. Students will be expected to prepare written briefs in which they reflect on the readings and identify practices that plan to implement in their own classrooms. Additional readings and guidance for writing each reflective brief can be seen below. Briefs must be typewritten in APA format and may not exceed 5 pages.

Reflective Brief 2: Family-Centered Practices

The purpose of this assignment is to provide students with an opportunity to learn about and reflect on their knowledge of research-based, recommended practices. Students will be expected to prepare written briefs in which they reflect on the readings and identify practices that plan to implement in their own classrooms. Additional readings and guidance for writing each reflective brief can be seen below.

Briefs must be typewritten in APA format and may not exceed 5 pages. 

Note:

• You can use first person (I and me ) when you write this paper
• The recourse provided above and I will send it to u as a PDF
• Please make sure to use people first language

Also see what term papers entail Term Paper

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A project is a response to a brief devised by the assessor. A project is usually carried out over
an extended period of time. Projects may involve research, require investigation of a topic,
issue or problem or may involve a process such as a design task, a performance or practical
activity or production of an artefact or event
Guidelines:
You are required to carry out a critical evaluation of the Recruitment and Selection process
in an organisation you are familiar with
• It will be a written project consisting of 3,000 words (approx.) in a formal report
format
• Each student is expected to draw up a short presentation on their findings in the
form of a PowerPoint slide show.
The research should contain:
• Identifying the Labour Market trends that affect work placement
• The value of Job Analysis in the work placement
• Evaluation of the selection method employed by the work placement
• Evidence that records were maintained throughout the process
• Analysis of the impact of relevant legislation when conducting the work placement
• Strengths and weaknesses of the process
• Analysis of how the process effects HRs overall contribution to the workplace
• Critical evaluation of the Recruitment and Selection process in the work place.

The layout of the Project should include the following:
• Introduction
• Main findings
• Conclusions
• Recommendations
• Word count of 3,000
• Pages and Slides should be numbered
Marking Criteria – Recruitment & Selection Project
• Content = 10 marks
• Analysis = 5 marks.
• Evaluation = 5 marks
• Presentation = 10 marks.

Managed care has had a profound impact on the way that health care is delivered and paid for in the United States. A large portion of Healing Hands Hospital’s revenue comes from managed care reimbursement making managed care a very important part of the business process. Part of the Task Force’s work will include obtaining feedback from the community and a public relations committee has been formed to help educate the community when decisions are made about changes to Healing Hands Hospital.   Mr. Johnson, Healing Hands Chief Financial Officer, has asked you to help provide some training to the members of the public relations committee to help them understand managed care and other possible models for reimbursement including value-based reimbursement and Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs), so this can be included in their campaign of community education. Your report to Mr. Johnson should include:

• Identify three types of managed care plans, such as Preferred Provider Organizations (PPO) and how they impact the way that health care is delivered at Healing Hands Hospital.
• Managed care has changed dramatically in the United States over the years. What did managed care look like 10 years ago compared to how it looks today?
• Discuss the future of managed care as a viable reimbursement model for Healing Hands Hospital compared to Accountable Care Organization model and valued based reimbursement.
• Reimbursement by CMS for Medicare patients is also an important source of revenue for Healing Hands Hospital.  Include a description of the different models for Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) and what would be a good strategy for Healing Hands to ensure the highest level of Medicare reimbursement for the future.
• Through legislation such as the Affordable Care Act and MACRA, there are regulations and requirements that are designed to improve patient quality of care and ensure highest levels of reimbursement.  Include how these laws impact Healing Hands Hospital and its financial plans.

Mr. Johnson, like all healthcare management professionals, believes that the data and information presented must be backed by good research and the reference sources must be listed appropriately in the written report.
Be sure to include at least three references for the information presented in your report using APA formatting.

Assignment Overview

Strong cognitive abilities are usually considered a very important and positive trait to seek when hiring new employees.  However, one police department decided not to hire those who scored too high on a cognitive skills exam on the grounds that people who are too intelligent will not be satisfied with their job as a police officer and will end up quitting (Naish, 2013).  This of course is a controversial policy that resulted in at least one lawsuit.

For this assignment we will be looking at individual characteristics that may predict job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and job performance for police officers.  Being a police officer is a demanding job that requires strong physical capacity, sharp mental capacity to deal with difficult and life threatening situations, and strong interpersonal skills in order to effectively work with the communities they protect and serve.  The issue of what traits to look for in police officer recruiting is a controversial one.

Review the background materials on individual traits, personality, and attitudes such as job satisfaction and organizational commitment.  Then read these articles on law enforcement recruitment with the issues in the background materials in mind:

Naish, R. (April, 2013). Too clever by half. E.Learning Age,  8. [ProQuest]

Means, R., Lowry, K., & Conroy, D. (2011). Hiring: Background investigation, part 3. Law & Order, 59(3), 12-13. [Proquest]

Reaume, S. (2009). Improved hiring for child protective investigators. Law & Order, 57(2), 19-20,22,24. [ProQuest] 

Case Assignment

Now suppose a police department has hired you as a consultant to come up with an exam to assess personality and other traits of applicants to the department.  The department is looking to hire applicants who meet the following criteria:

1. Are likely to have strong job satisfaction and organizational commitment to the police department after they are hired.
2. Will be able to work effectively under stressful and sometimes life threatening situations, can make good decisions under pressure.
3. Will be able to present a positive image of the police department in the communities they serve and maintain strong relations with community leaders.

Using what you’ve learned in the background materials about personality traits such as the Big Five Personality traits and factors that influence job satisfaction and organizational behavior, come up with a four to five page paper addressing the following issues:

1. Do you think cognitive abilities should be part of the exam?  Do you agree with the police department mentioned in Naish (2013) that there should be an upper limit to cognitive abilities, or should the department try to hire those with the highest cognitive abilities? Consider the concepts of ability testing in Chapter 3 of Nair (2010) as part of your answer.
2. What personality traits do you think will best predict a police officer’s ability to handle stressful situations in the field and make decisions under stress?  Consider the Big Five traits as well as any other personality traits that you read about in Chapter 6 of Nair (2010). Be specific about what traits the department should consider and why these traits will be associated with an ability to work under stress.
3. What personality traits will best predict an ability to work cooperatively with their coworkers as well as with members of the community they serve?  Again, be specific about which traits the department should consider and why these traits will be associated with a good ability to work with others.  Use Chapter 6 of Nair (2010) as your source of information about Big Five and other personality traits to consider.

Assignment Expectations

• Answer the assignment questions directly
• Stay focused on the precise assignment questions, don’t go off on tangents or devote a lot of space to summarizing general background materials
• Make sure to use reliable and credible sources as your references. Articles published in established newspapers or business journals/magazines are preferred.  If you find an article on the internet, make sure it is from a credible source.

Here is the solution:

Cognitive Abilities

            In an effort to develop and build a competent and able police force, cognitive ability of recruits cannot be ignored. This is because police work demands specific physical and cognitive skills and abilities to be performed effectively. As such, potential police officers being recruited should be measured in terms of their cognitive abilities to determine whether they are a good fit for the positions available within the police force. While testing recruits for cognitive abilities is essential, it may also limit the ability of the police force to consider other important factors such as physical ability, and the ability-job fit of said recruits. For this reason, I do not confer with the fact that there should be limits imposed on requisite cognitive abilities among potential pol ice officers. This is because of a two main reasons. First, excluding a number of candidates based on the fact that the show exemplary cognitive ability denies the police force and opportunity to have the best possible officers it can, which may eventually work towards watering down the quality of officers that the force recruits.

Secondly, other individual factors must also be considered before candidates can be ruled out on grounds of exemplary cognitive ability. Issues such as physical ability and the congruency of the individual’s ability and the job description (the ability-job fit) must also be considered (Nair, 2010). If an individual demonstrates the requisite capabilities in these two factors, then exemplary cognitive ability should be used to deny them the opportunity to be recruited by the force. In this way, the police force can always ensure it recruits well-rounded individuals, seeing as no limits are imposed on the standards recruits are required to meet. From this approach, the force is likely to recruit individuals that will demonstrate commitment and job satisfaction, much to the pleasure of the police force.

Personality Traits and Stressful Situation

            For many police officers, learning to handle stressful situations especially while in the field is a valuable skill that can potentially decide whether the officer lives or dies. In the field, police officers have to contend with endless high pressure situations, many of which also include the real possibility of life loss. In this respect, police officers that are recruited must possess specific personality traits that will allow them to comfortably adapt to the vast array of situations and dangers that they are exposed to in the field (Barrick, Mount, & Li, 2012). Moreover, these personality traits will effectively guide their decision-making processes, allowing them to make the best decisions to handle the stressful situation and protect their lives as well.

In light of the Big Five traits, three are essential to a police officer’s work in stressful and high pressure situations. Additionally, these traits serve to allow for the making of logical and clear decisions that make police work effective while still ensuring safety of officers. The first trait is adjustment (Naish, 2013). This possession of this trait allows officers to react in the best possible way emotionally, such that their emotional responses do not interfere with carrying out police work, especially in the field. Recruiting officers that are stable and confident is essential to the efficacy of the force (Nair, 2010). Seeing as most officers are armed, and that they may regularly confront high pressure and dangerous situations in the field, a stable and confident officer is the best possible accomplice to police work. Such officers are likely to approach dangerous situations very calmly and confidently. This prevents them from making mistakes that may end up claiming civilian or their own lives. Individuals that are on the lower end of this spectrum are likely to be unstable, and greatly compromise police activity.

Secondly, intellectual openness is a vital trait for police officers. Possessing a high degree of intellectual openness allows officers to be original, curious, and imaginative in the carrying out of their tasks. This trait is most valuable in the field, and in planning efforts aimed at mitigating crime. In the field setting, police officers are forced to combat offenders that may display a varying degree of traits ranging from complete control to utter impulsivity. It is the duty of officers to respond accordingly to such offenders, and develop strategies of handling such situations on-the-spot. While officers are often coursed on handling such scenarios, no two scenarios share the same circumstances or are perpetuated by the same characters, hence the need for imaginative approaches when dealing with such scenarios. Intellectual openness allows officers to improvise (John, Robinson, & Pervin, 2011), devise plans, and implement them while in the field in a short span of time. This ability has bene credited with saving many lives.

Third, officers need to display conscientiousness as individuals. The ability of officers to be dependable, organized, and methodical in their approach allows them to operate within the confines of the law, while still leveraging their skill and expertise to best tackle the issues they face (Naish, 2013). Coupled with high self-esteem, this combination of traits in an officer allows them to develop appropriate plans, and follow through on them, while displaying a high level of confidence in their ability and their plan (Nair, 2010). This conscientiousness prevents officers from making impulsive decisions that can easily endanger their lives as well as those of civilians. In essence, a combination of the above-mentioned traits allows police officers to make sound judgements in the field, even while working under a great deal of stress and pressure.

Personality Traits and Cooperation at Work

            Police officers exist to protect the general populace, and ensure their safety from possible harm. As such, police officers that are recruited must demonstrate the ability to work with other colleagues, as well as members of the public in their efforts (Wolff & Kim, 2012). Seeing as this is essentially a people-based profession, officers must possess the requisite people skills that are necessary to making them effective when engaging with individuals in the course of their work. Three main traits that officers should possess include intellectual openness, agreeableness, and sociability.

Intellectual openness is important in police work because it allows officers to develop greater appreciation of many aspects of the society, which plays a significant role when said officers work with the general public. Their appreciation of diverse issues may allow them to easily bond with members of the public (Nair, 2010), which may work well in the event that the officer requires certain information from said members. By establishing a connection between him or herself and the public, police-civilian cooperation in that case is likely to increase. In the same manner, it serves to prevent police officers from making statements that may offend a particular section or group of the public. Given that officers are public servants; their neutrality is essential to their work. Appearing to choose sides could very easily stifle police-civilian relationship, which may be detrimental to performing police work since many officers rely on public cooperation to effectively combat crime.

Agreeableness and sociability work hand in hand insofar as police work is concerned. For many years and to some demographics in society, the police force has long been feared and characterized as oppressive, which greatly impairs the image of the police force, in addition to decreasing police-civilian cooperation. Having officers that are agreeable and sociable allows them to easily adapt to various situations as they see fit (Nair, 2010), and in particular when they are not working in uniform. These traits improve the likelihood of police officers building networks of contacts and informants, who are vital to much of the work that police officers conduct (Wolff & Kim, 2012). This also allows officers to blend into the society seamlessly when they need to, and especially so when they are carrying out important police work that may be undercover or covert in nature.

It is also worth noting that emotional intelligence is a critical personality trait in police officers. The ability of officers to consider the feelings and emotions of the general public or of suspects is at the core of controlled police work. Officers should demonstrate a strong ability to react to conditions, and individuals in a relaxed manner, and that they are always considerate of the emotions and feelings of others. This trait is fundamental towards differentiating between dangerous suspects and harmless civilians, as well as ensuring objectivity within officers is guaranteed. The presence of officers that essentially lack emotional intelligence is detrimental to the quality of service that they will offer to the great public. As such, officers must possess emotional intelligence, which can greatly enable them help their colleagues, and civilians in overcoming grief in death-involved cases. This not only facilitates coordination between officers and the public, but also contributes towards better police service delivery.

In this way, the efficiency of police officers and efficacy of the police force as a whole is greatly improved, which directly contribute towards a safer and more protected society. This, in turn, affects other aspects of the society, which contribute towards the general improvement of the society, and in a manner that facilitates progress and development. For these reasons, the consideration of personality traits during the recruitment of police officers cannot be ignored. In this case, I would recommend that the exams offered to recruits greatly test for personality traits that are likely to facilitate the recruitment of officers that will display high levels of commitment, job satisfaction, and a string ability to work under stress and pressure. Through the above-mentioned ways, workers can develop a strong sense of cooperation with fellow workers, much to the benefit of the general public.

References

Barrick, M., Mount, M., & Li, N. (2012). The Theory of Purposeful Work Behavior: The Role of Personality, Higher-Order Goals, and Job Characteristics. Academy Of Management     Review. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.10.0479

John, O., Robinson, R., & Pervin, L. (2011). Handbook of personality. New York: Guilford.

Nair, S. (2010). Organisational behaviour. Mumbai: Himalaya Pub. House.

Naish, R. (2013, 04). Too clever by half. E.Learning Age, , 8. Retrieved from    http://search.proquest.com/docview/1355487256?accountid=45049

Wolff, H. & Kim, S. (2012). The relationship between networking behaviors and the Big Five     personality dimensions. Career Development International, 17(1), 43-66.             http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13620431211201328

You will follow one firm of your choice for the entire session. You will analyze how this firm makes economic decisions as well as how events in the economy affect the firm. Please choose ONE Fortune 500 firm from the following list (feel free to use ANY firm, it does not have to be in the top 10):

Fortune 500

After choosing one firm, address the following questions in a 5-page essay:

1. What is the organization you are going to use? Why do you think it will be an interesting focus for your economic analysis?
2. What are positive and normative statements? Describe the difference between these two types of statements in your own words. Write at least ONE positive and ONE normative statement about your firm.
3. Find any current event/article regarding your firm from an online resource (nytimes.com, online.wsj.com, etc). Be sure to reference this article in your paper. Summarize the issue and how it relates to at least ONE of this module’s economic concepts (opportunity cost, scarcity, factors of production, diminishing returns, spillover principle, etc.)

SLP Assignment Expectations

Use concepts from the modular background readings, as well as any good-quality resources you find from the Trident online library or other Internet search engines. Be sure to cite all sources within the text and provide a reference list at the end of the paper.

Length: 4 pages, double-spaced and typed.

The following items will be assessed:

• Your ability to perform an economic analysis of a firm of your own choice.
• Some in-text references to the modular background materials (APA formatting not required).
• The essay should address each element of the assignment. Remember to support your answers with solid references.

The Solution:

Economic Analysis

Question 1

Economic analysis is one of the most ideal techniques of determining the financial health of a company. In this paper, the company of interest is JP Morgan Chase Bank. It is a financial institution whose core business ranges from providing loans to both small and large institutions to investment banking. It is one of the oldest financial institution in the history of USA with an asset base of approximately $2.4 trillion (JPMorgan Chase & Co., 2017). Further, it has operations in more than 100 different countries in the world hence it is a large employer. The stock of the organization is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.

The reason for using JP Morgan Chase Bank is that it has been in existence for a long time (JPMorgan Chase & Co., 2017). The company has survived some of the worst economic depressions in the American history and still managed to be listed as one of the current tier 1 banks. There is plenty to be learnt from an analysis of the institution since its growth since inception is provides insight on the business life cycle. Further, it has managed to remain profitable despite having reached the peak stage. As such, it is suitable for a detailed and comprehensive economic analysis.

It also presents an interesting focus due to its availability of data. Information on the company is freely and readily available on its website and other newspaper articles. Due to its size and the large shareholder base, the company is of interest to many individuals. As such, data about its governance, its earnings and other key financial elements are readily available (JPMorgan Chase & Co., 2017). The economic analysis is, therefore, made easier since the relevant data is accessible to the researcher. Additionally, the brand awareness of JP Morgan Chase Bank makes it easy to evaluate the opinion of the public towards the company.

Question 2

In economics, positive statements are statements that are based on facts. Since there exists data that supports the statement, it is assumed to be objective (Mankiw, 2015). They are reliable since different analysts can test the point being put across and either approve or disprove. Over time, individuals have argued that policies should be set based on positive statements. They can be adjusted to fit the current data hence they remain relevant in making decisions. It should be noted that positive statements are not based on the herd mentality and do not blindly approve the public’s opinion. They are, therefore, reliable and objective.

Normative statements are statements that are based on the opinions of people (Caplin & Schotter, 2010). There is no underlying data that can be tested to either prove or disprove them. They are considered subjective and value based since there is no real foundation to their existence except for the attitude of individuals towards a particular situation. There have been instances where normative statements have been shared on numerous occasions making people believe that they are factual. However, it is important to note that they describe the opinions of different people and do not serve as a true reflection of the existing circumstances.

One of the main differences between normative and positive statements is that positive deals with facts whereas normative deals with opinions (Mankiw, 2015). As earlier described, positive statements are objective and have data that can be tested to provide a conclusive result. Analysis by data is more concrete since it a true reflection of people’s tastes and preferences. It can be used in determining the potential results of an election since the data collected will assist in modelling the people’s real view. However, normative statements are subjective and value based. An example can be given of a campaign manager who voices that his or her candidate will win the election without considering any real data.

The second difference between the two branches of economics is that positive does not have to be correct whereas normative has to be correct. Researchers are able to test positive statements (Caplin & Schotter, 2010). They can build models on which they can test the available data. As such, the theory spanned can be approved or disproved. However, it is impossible to test normative statements. There is no data to support or disprove the opinion that is being held by the masses. As a result, should the statements be incorrect it could lead to the spread of propaganda.

The final difference is that positive statements explain the cause and effect relationship between variables whereas normative statements pass value judgement (Mankiw, 2015). There exists a relationship between the elements of a positive statement. An example can be given of a declaration that an increase in income leads to a higher purchasing power. In this case, the independent variable is the increase in income and the dependent is the purchasing power. A study conducted to test the validity of that positive statement will highlight a cause and effect relationship between the two variables. The same logic is not applicable in normative economics.

Both positive and normative statements can be identified from a study of the JP Morgan Chase Bank. A positive declaration will state that approximately 50% of the bank’s revenue is derived from servicing the small businesses. This theory can be tested since the total revenue of the bank in a given financial period is drawn from its financial statements and a breakdown of the different sources of revenue is available. One can then calculate and determine if indeed 50% of the company’s revenue is obtained from its relationship with small businesses. An example of a normative statement would be JP Morgan should expand the sphere of its work in data analytics. It is subjective and value based.

Question 3

According to an article in the Guardian by Helmore (2016), JP Morgan Chase Bank intends to raise its minimum wage by 20%. The current minimum wage for employees lies at $10.15 an hour. The management plan to raise it to between $12 and $16.50 an hour depending on the location of the branch. This initiative will affect approximately eighteen thousand employees. Such a move by the management relates to the spillover principle since an increase in the minimum wage of the employees increases their purchasing power and contributes towards economic growth and development.

Conclusion

The decisions made by the management of companies put into practice the economic theories and models. They employ techniques such as the spillover principle and the opportunity cost and this has a general effect on the growth and development of the country. In relation to positive and normative statements, it is important that individuals identify the differences since it helps them understand whether a statement is a true reflection of the financial situation of the company or not.

References

Caplin, A., & Schotter, A. (2010). The foundations of positive and normative economics: A handbook. Oxford University Press.

Helmore, E. (2016). JPMorgan Chase raises its minimum wage by 20%. Retrieved from The

Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com

JPMorgan Chase & Co. (2017). JPMorgan Chase & Co. Retrieved from JPMorgan Chase & Co.: https://www.jpmorganchase.com

Mankiw, N. G. (2015). Essentials of economics. CengageBrain.com.